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                AP Microeconomics

                                               Content Area (Multiple-Choice Section)


 I . Basic Economic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  (8–14%)
      A . Scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost
      B . Production possibilities curve
      C . Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and trade
      D . Economic systems 
      E . Property rights and the role of incentives
      F . Marginal analysis


II . The Nature and Functions of Product Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . .(55–70%
        A . Supply and demand                                                                                                      (15–20%)
                       1 . Market equilibrium
                       2 . Determinants of supply and demand
                       3 . Price and quantity controls
                       4 . Elasticity
                                  a . Price, income, and cross-price elasticities of demand
                                  b . Price elasticity of supply
                      5 . Consumer surplus, producer surplus, and allocative efficiency
                      6 . Tax incidence and deadweight loss


          B . Theory of consumer choice                                                                                       (5–10%)
                     1 . Total utility and marginal utility
                     2 . Utility maximization: equalizing marginal utility per dollar
                     3 . Individual and market demand curves
                     4 . Income and substitution effects 


           C . Production and costs                                                                                                (10–15%)
                     1 . Production functions: short and long run
                     2 . Marginal product and diminishing returns
                     3 . Short-run costs
                     4 . Long-run costs and economies of scale
                     5 . Cost minimizing input combination and productive efficiency

 

             D . Firm behavior and market structure                                                                 (25–35%)
                     1 . Profit 
                               a . Accounting versus economic profits
                               b . Normal profit
                               c . Profit maximization: MR=MC rule
                     2 . Perfect competition
                               a . Profit maximization
                               b . Short-run supply and shutdown decision
                               c . Behavior of firms and markets in the short run and in the long run
                               d . Efficiency and perfect competition
                   3 . Monopoly
                              a . Sources of market power
                              b . Profit maximization
                              c . Inefficiency of monopoly
                              d . Price discrimination 
                              e . Natural monopoly

                    4 . Oligopoly
                             a . Interdependence, collusion, and cartels
                             b . Game theory and strategic behavior
                             c . Dominant strategy
                             d . Nash equilibrium
                    5 . Monopolistic competition
                            a . Product differentiation and role of advertising 
                            b . Profit maximization
                            c . Short-run and long-run equilibrium
                            d . Excess capacity and inefficiency

 

III . Factor Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   (10–18%)
         A . Derived factor demand
         B . Marginal revenue product
         C . Hiring decisions in the markets for labor and capital
         D . Market distribution of income

 

IV . Market Failure and the Role of Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (12–18%)
        A . Externalities
                  1 . Marginal social benefit and marginal social cost
                  2 . Positive externalities
                  3 . Negative externalities
                  4 . Remedies
        B . Public goods
                 1 . Public versus private goods
                 2 . Provision of public goods
         C . Public policy to promote competition
                1 . Antitrust policy
                2 . Regulation
         D . Income distribution
                1 . Equity
                2 . Sources and measures of income inequality

 

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